Wireless Charging Physics

Wireless Charging Roadway — Physics Simulator

Electromagnetic induction, resonant coupling, power flow, efficiency, and safety — from road to vehicle.

Roadway Physics Visualization

AC Frequency (kHz)

Coil Current (A)

Vertical Gap (cm)

Alignment Offset (cm)

Magnetic Field (µT)—

Coupling Coefficient (k)—

Transfer Efficiency—

Delivered Power (kW)—

Physical System Breakdown

RoadwayPhysicsEV Infrastructure

1. Ground Charging Pad (Embedded)

• High-current copper litz-wire coil embedded in reinforced concrete or asphalt
• Driven by high-frequency AC (typically 79–90 kHz, SAE J2954)
• Encapsulated in waterproof, vibration-resistant housing

2. Power Control Unit (Roadside Cabinet)

• Grid AC → DC → high-frequency AC via inverter
• Actively tunes resonance and limits stray magnetic fields
• Communicates with vehicle (alignment, foreign object detection)

3. Electromagnetic Induction

• Alternating current generates oscillating magnetic flux
• Flux couples into vehicle receiver coil (no electric field coupling)
• Resonant tuning maximizes energy transfer efficiency

4. Efficiency & Safety

• System efficiency: 85–93% when aligned
• Magnetic field levels below ICNIRP / IEEE exposure limits
• Automatic shutoff for metal objects, animals, humans

5. Real-World Costs (Est.)

• Road-embedded charging pad: $5,000–$10,000
• Power electronics & cabinet: $8,000–$20,000
• Dynamic roadway segments (per km): $1M–$2.5M

Educational simulator — values are representative, not site-specific engineering specs.